By a vote of 5–4, the Supreme Court upheld the individual mandate component of the Affordable Care Act as a valid exercise of Congress’s power to “lay and collect taxes” (Art. I, §8, cl. 1). Justice Roberts, writing for the Court, explained: “The Affordable Care Act’s requirement that certain individuals pay a financial penalty for not obtaining health insurance may reasonably be characterized as a tax. Because the Constitution permits such a tax, it is not our role to forbid it, or to pass upon its wisdom or fairness.”